Tuesday, August 24, 2010
Sunday, August 22, 2010
Friday, August 20, 2010
semen & HIV
HIV-1 Populations in Semen Arise through Multiple Mechanisms
PLoS Pathogens
Maybe I am easily impressed, but this finding seems amazing to me.
•The types and distribution of HIV genotypes found in an individual's semen can differ significantly from those found in his blood.
•The immune system related proteins found in semen indicate that relative to blood, semen may be particularly conducive to viral replication.
__________________________________________
Abstract
HIV-1 is present in anatomical compartments and bodily fluids. Most transmissions occur through sexual acts, making virus in semen the proximal source in male donors. We find three distinct relationships in comparing viral RNA populations between blood and semen in men with chronic HIV-1 infection, and we propose that the viral populations in semen arise by multiple mechanisms including: direct import of virus, oligoclonal amplification within the seminal tract, or compartmentalization. In addition, we find significant enrichment of six out of nineteen cytokines and chemokines in semen of both HIV-infected and uninfected men, and another seven further enriched in infected individuals. The enrichment of cytokines involved in innate immunity in the seminal tract, complemented with chemokines in infected men, creates an environment conducive to T cell activation and viral replication. These studies define different relationships between virus in blood and semen that can significantly alter the composition of the viral population at the source that is most proximal to the transmitted virus.
Anderson JA, Ping L-H, Dibben O, Jabara CB, Arney L, et al. (2010) HIV-1 Populations in Semen Arise through Multiple Mechanisms. PLoS Pathog 6(8).
PLoS Pathogens
Maybe I am easily impressed, but this finding seems amazing to me.
•The types and distribution of HIV genotypes found in an individual's semen can differ significantly from those found in his blood.
•The immune system related proteins found in semen indicate that relative to blood, semen may be particularly conducive to viral replication.
__________________________________________
Abstract
HIV-1 is present in anatomical compartments and bodily fluids. Most transmissions occur through sexual acts, making virus in semen the proximal source in male donors. We find three distinct relationships in comparing viral RNA populations between blood and semen in men with chronic HIV-1 infection, and we propose that the viral populations in semen arise by multiple mechanisms including: direct import of virus, oligoclonal amplification within the seminal tract, or compartmentalization. In addition, we find significant enrichment of six out of nineteen cytokines and chemokines in semen of both HIV-infected and uninfected men, and another seven further enriched in infected individuals. The enrichment of cytokines involved in innate immunity in the seminal tract, complemented with chemokines in infected men, creates an environment conducive to T cell activation and viral replication. These studies define different relationships between virus in blood and semen that can significantly alter the composition of the viral population at the source that is most proximal to the transmitted virus.
Anderson JA, Ping L-H, Dibben O, Jabara CB, Arney L, et al. (2010) HIV-1 Populations in Semen Arise through Multiple Mechanisms. PLoS Pathog 6(8).
Monday, August 16, 2010
HIV disclosure charges
These cases seem to almost always involve male defendants. This week, female defendants in Germany and Michigan.
German Pop Singer on Trial for Concealing H.I.V. Status From Sexual Partners
HIV positive woman pleads no contest, gets 11 months in failure to disclose case
(Michigan Messenger)
German Pop Singer on Trial for Concealing H.I.V. Status From Sexual Partners
HIV positive woman pleads no contest, gets 11 months in failure to disclose case
(Michigan Messenger)
Tuesday, August 3, 2010
A.8396 & S.8227
Say what you will about David Paterson, these laws represent some triumph of rationality and scientific evidence over bullshit.
A8396A
An act to amend the penal law, in relation to hypodermic syringes
•This bill would add language to the penal law to make it explicit that a person is not criminally liable for possessing syringes and drug residue in or on syringes that the person has a right to possess based on his or her participation in the Public Health Law's Syringe Exchange Program (SEP) or Expanded Syringe Access Program (ESAP).
SUMMARY OF PROVISIONS:
Section 1 of the bill amends Penal Law 220.03, the misdemeanor offense of Criminal Possession of a Controlled Substance in the Seventh Degree, to provide that a person does not commit this crime when he or she possesses only a residual amount of a controlled substance that is in or on a syringe that he or she possesses pursuant to a needle exchange program set forth in Public Health Law 3381.
Section 2 of the bill would add similar language to Penal Law 220.45, to make it explicit that a person does not criminally possess a hypo dermic instrument when he or she possesses a hypodermic needle or syringe pursuant to Public Health Law 3381. ....
S8227
An act to amend the public health law, in relation to HIV testing
•This bill: (1) revises the informed consent requirements associated with HIV/AIDS testing, while ensuring that adequate patient protections are maintained; (2) tailors counseling information based on HIV test results; (3) updates current testing requirements to reflect medical advances; (4) and facilitates authorization for testing in the case of certain occupational exposures to HIV infection.
SUMMARY OF PROVISIONS:
Section 1 of this bill amends Public Health Law (PHL) 2781 to authorize HIV related testing to be part of a signed general consent to medical care, or documented oral consent when the test being ordered is a rapid HIV test. Such consent would be durable and remain in effect until it is revoked or expires. Patients will be provided an opportunity to decline HIV testing, and testing will only be done with full patient consent after the patient is provided with pre-test counseling informa tion. In all instances, a physician will be required to provide oral notification to the patient whenever an HIV test is performed and this shall be noted on the patient's medical record. The provisions of this section regarding oral informed consent for a rapid HIV test shall not apply to tests performed in a facility operated under the correction law. ....
A8396A
An act to amend the penal law, in relation to hypodermic syringes
•This bill would add language to the penal law to make it explicit that a person is not criminally liable for possessing syringes and drug residue in or on syringes that the person has a right to possess based on his or her participation in the Public Health Law's Syringe Exchange Program (SEP) or Expanded Syringe Access Program (ESAP).
SUMMARY OF PROVISIONS:
Section 1 of the bill amends Penal Law 220.03, the misdemeanor offense of Criminal Possession of a Controlled Substance in the Seventh Degree, to provide that a person does not commit this crime when he or she possesses only a residual amount of a controlled substance that is in or on a syringe that he or she possesses pursuant to a needle exchange program set forth in Public Health Law 3381.
Section 2 of the bill would add similar language to Penal Law 220.45, to make it explicit that a person does not criminally possess a hypo dermic instrument when he or she possesses a hypodermic needle or syringe pursuant to Public Health Law 3381. ....
S8227
An act to amend the public health law, in relation to HIV testing
•This bill: (1) revises the informed consent requirements associated with HIV/AIDS testing, while ensuring that adequate patient protections are maintained; (2) tailors counseling information based on HIV test results; (3) updates current testing requirements to reflect medical advances; (4) and facilitates authorization for testing in the case of certain occupational exposures to HIV infection.
SUMMARY OF PROVISIONS:
Section 1 of this bill amends Public Health Law (PHL) 2781 to authorize HIV related testing to be part of a signed general consent to medical care, or documented oral consent when the test being ordered is a rapid HIV test. Such consent would be durable and remain in effect until it is revoked or expires. Patients will be provided an opportunity to decline HIV testing, and testing will only be done with full patient consent after the patient is provided with pre-test counseling informa tion. In all instances, a physician will be required to provide oral notification to the patient whenever an HIV test is performed and this shall be noted on the patient's medical record. The provisions of this section regarding oral informed consent for a rapid HIV test shall not apply to tests performed in a facility operated under the correction law. ....
Subscribe to:
Posts (Atom)
